Looking at the design of the whole assembly it looks like that little clip on part actually holds the door handle forwards while you re opening to stop it disengaging from the inside mechanism.
Vw golf door handle fell off.
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If this is the case you will have to remove the interior door panel and reconnect or adjust the linkage.
Removing a vw door handle is one job i have seen done wrong a lot.
The handles on the mk7 golf are held on by a series of internal hooks.
That is until i learned the trick to never mess.
I have even struggled to do this properly.
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The linkage can sometimes pop off especially if the doors have been unlocked with a slim jim or door hanger recently.
It s fairly easy to hook into the rod and cause it to disconnect if you stuck an object down into the door.
Here is how you remove the door handle from a vw polo passenger side is the same for the driver side you need just a hook like in the video you can make it.